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Postmenopausal Asian women who eat a Western-type diet have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with peers who eat a vegetable-soy-based diet

Postmenopausal Asian women who eat a Western-type, meat-carbohydrate-based diet have an increased risk of breast cancer compared with peers who eat a traditional, vegetable-soy-based diet, according to an article in the July issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention. The study is the first to identify an association between a Western diet and breast cancer in Asian women.

The current work involved women in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Eligible cases included 1,602 women 25 to 64 years of age who with a new diagnosis of breast cancer made between August 1996 and March 1998; in-person interviews were conducted for 1,459 (91.1%). Controls were selected from the Shanghai Resident Registry of permanent residents in urban Shanghai; in-person interviews were conducted for 1,556 (90.3%) of 1,724 eligible controls.

“The issue [of diet] is of particular relevance to women in Asia, for whom breast cancer rates are traditionally low but increasing steadily in recent years,” explained Marilyn Tseng, PhD, a coauthor and associate member in the population science division at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia.

Through in-person interviews with Shanghai study participants and residents of Shanghai, researchers established the existence of two primary dietary patterns-the “meat-sweet” diet and a “vegetable-soy” diet. The “meat-sweet” diet includes various meats-primarily pork but also poultry, organ meats, beef and lamb and with saltwater fish, shrimp and other shellfish as well as candy, dessert, bread and milk. The “vegetable-soy” pattern is associated with different vegetables, soy-based products, and freshwater fish.

The Western pattern was significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer among overweight postmenopausal women. Specifically, high intake was associated with a greater than two-fold increased risk of estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. The results showed no overall association of breast cancer risk with the traditional pattern.

“Our study suggests the possibility that the “meat-sweet” pattern increased breast cancer risk by increasing obesity, Tseng said. “Low consumption of a Western dietary pattern plus successful weight control may protect against breast cancer in a traditionally low-risk Asian population that is poised to more broadly adopt foods characteristic of Western societies.”


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