10代での塩分摂取量を少なくすることにより成人期の心臓の健康状態が改善する可能性がある（Abstract # 18899/P2039）

コンピュータモデル解析により10代での食塩摂取量を減少させることによる長期の心血管系の有益性が推定された
Computer modeling analysis projects long-term cardiovascular benefits of reducing dietary salt intake as teenagers
10代で日々の食塩摂取量を減少させることにより成人期の高血圧、心疾患および脳卒中を軽減する可能性がある、と2010年American Heart Association学会で発表された。最新のコンピュータモデル解析を行うことにより、米国の研究者らは青少年期の加工品からの食事性食塩摂取量を3g減少させることによる健康への影響を国内レベルで予想した。研究者らはモデルから、10代で日々の食塩摂食量を3g減らすことにより10代の高血圧患者数が44%～63%（380,000～550,000人）減少すると予想した。また、35～50歳時の高血圧患者数が30～43%（270～390万人）減少すると推定した。10代から50歳になった時の健康上の有益性で予測できたのは、冠動脈疾患の7～12%の減少、心筋梗塞の8～14%の減少、脳卒中の5～8%の減少および総死亡の5～9%減少などであった。摂取食塩の約80%が加工食品または調理済み食品由来であった。
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By reducing the salt teenagers eat each day by 3 grams, researchers projected through modeling a 44 percent to 63 percent (380,000 to 550,000) decrease in the number of hypertensive teenagers and young adults. They estimated a 30 percent to 43 percent decrease (2.7 to 3.9 million) in the number of hypertensives at ages 35 to 50.

"Reducing the amount of salt that is already added to the food that we eat could mean that teenagers live many more years free of hypertension," said Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Ph.D., M.D., lead author of the study and associate professor of medicine and epidemiology at the University of California, San Francisco. "The additional benefit of lowering salt consumption early is that we can hopefully change the expectations of how food should taste, ideally to something slightly less salty."

A one-gram-per-day reduction in salt consumption results in a small drop of systolic blood pressure of 0.8 mm Hg, she said. "Reducing the salt in the teenage diet from an average of 9 grams to 6 grams would get teenage boys and girls to appropriate levels of salt intake."

Measurable health benefits over time as teenagers reach age 50 would include:

  • 7 percent to 12 percent reduction in coronary heart disease (120,000 to 210,000)
  • 8 percent to14 percent reduction in heart attacks (36,000 to 64,000)
  • 5 percent to 8 percent reduction in stroke (16,000 to 28,000)
  • 5 percent to 9 percent reduction in death from any cause (69,000 to 120,000)

About 80 percent of salt comes from processed or prepared foods - 35 percent of that in cereals, breads and pastries.

"The hidden places of salt in our diet are in breads and cereals, canned foods and condiments, and of course fast foods," said Bibbins-Domingo, also co-director of the UCSF Center for Vulnerable Populations. "Most of the salt that we eat is not from our salt shaker, but salt that is already added in food that we eat."
Pizza is the biggest culprit of salt for teens in the United States according to data from the National Center for Health Statistics.

Manufacturers should continue to reduce salt in their foods in cooperation with local, state, and federal regulatory agencies, she said. Many major companies have already joined the National Sodium Reduction initiative and have voluntarily agreed to work to lower the salt content that is already added to processed and prepared foods.

Co-authors are: Pamela Coxson, Ph.D.; Tekeshe Mekonnen, M.S.; David Guzman, M.S.; and Lee Goldman, M.D., M.P.H. Author disclosures are on the abstract.

The American Heart Association funded the study.