Background: Duchenne Muscular disease (DMD) is an inherited X-linked disease due to the absence of dystrophin and clinically characterized by progressive muscle weakness and constant myocardial involvement responsible for sudden death or end-stage heart failure in 40% of patients between the age of 15 and 30. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of early ACEI treatment on left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in young patients with DMD and normal LVEF at inclusion.

Methods: In phase I, children with genetically proven DMD and radionuclide ejection fraction (EF) superior than 55% were enrolled in a multicentric, controlled, randomized, double blind trial of perindopril 2-4 mg/day versus placebo for 3 years. In phase II, all patients then received open-label perindopril for 24 more months. Radionuclide LVEF was performed at 0, 36 and 60 months. Student's t-tests and chi-square analysis were used for comparisons.

Results: 60 children asymptomatic for heart disease were included in the phase I study (10.6±1.2 years, EF 65.0±5.4%)(31 in the perindropil group and 29 in the placebo group) and 46 in the phase II study (n=23 in both groups). No adverse effect related to treatment was documented. At the end of phase I, LVEF remained stable in both groups (from 64.8±5.3% to 59.6±8.5% in the perindopril group and 65.5±5.4% to 64.5±9.9% in the placebo group, p=0.114). However, at 60 months, 6 patients in the control group (26%) had a LVEF of less than 45, versus one in the perindopril group (4%)(p=0.0319).

Conclusions: Early treatment with ACEI perindopril is well tolerated in these young patients and delay onset of LVEF deterioration. This preventive efficacy of ACEI has to be evaluated in other groups of patients genetically exposed to develop LV dysfunction.